Simple .NET/ASP.NET PDF document editor web control SDK

Note The arguments of print do not form a tuple, as one might expect:

The basic advantage with object-oriented programming is that even if there s more structure involved in setting up your code, it s easy for a nonexpert to understand how classes and objects relate, and it s easier to maintain and update the code to deal with real-life situations..

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Let s recap our basic knowledge of classes and objects that we learned over the past few chapters: A class is a blueprint for objects. You only have one class called Shape, but with it you can create multiple instances of shapes (shape objects), all of which have the methods and attributes defined by the Shape class. An object is an instance of a class. If Shape is the class, then x = Shape.new creates a new Shape instance and assigns the object to the variable x. You would then say x is a Shape object, or an object of class Shape.

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In 2 you created some classes and added methods to them. To recap, here s a simple demonstration of a class with two methods, and how to use it. First, here s the class itself:

>>> (1, >>> 1 2 >>> (1, 1, 2, 3 2, 3) print 1, 2, 3 3 print (1, 2, 3) 2, 3)

class Square def initialize(side_length) @side_length = side_length end def area @side_length * @side_length end end

FIGURE 7-18 The first medium gray Key Point slide and its corresponding light gray Explanation slides.

Next, let s create some square objects and use their area methods:

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Look at the sketch you created for the Key Point slide, and then read your Explanation headlines and imagine how to sketch the story forward across these slides. If you can sketch a single visual story across the Explanation slides, you should. But it might be that the Explanation slides are independent facts that are tied together only by the preceding Key Point slide and not to one another. If the Detail slides stand alone as independent ideas, sketch a standalone illustration for each one and use other techniques to visually tie the Explanation slides together, such as a similar split-screen layout or with a navigation bar running through the Explanation slides, as described earlier.

The first method and when I say first, I mean the first method in our example; the actual order of methods in code is irrelevant in the Square class is initialize. initialize is a special method that s called when a new object based on that class is created. When you call Square.new(10), the Square class creates a new object instance of itself, and then calls initialize upon that object. In this case, initialize accepts side_length as an argument, as passed through from Square.new(10), and assigns the number 10 to a variable called @side_length. The @ symbol before the variable name is important in this case. But why To understand why some variables are prefixed with certain symbols requires understanding that there are multiple types of variables, such as local, global, object, and class variables.

This behavior can be very useful if you want to combine text and variable values without using the full power of string formatting: >>> name = 'Gumby' >>> salutation = 'Mr.' >>> greeting = 'Hello,' >>> print greeting, salutation, name Hello, Mr. Gumby

In previous examples you ve created variables simply, like so: